Raw material for the glass, ceramics and enamel industries; basis material for the manufacture of other lithium compounds; catalyst for esterification; additive and flux for welding rods; additive in aluminum electrolysis melts; additive for quick-setting cement.

Selective deprotonation of arenes and heteroarenes.

Spodumene is used in glasses, glass-ceramics, porcelain enamels, whitewares, and glazes due to the powerful fluxing properties of lithia. It possesses a very low thermal expansion and reduces the viscosity of the glass mass. It contributes to brilliancy and strength of the glass.

Used in numerous igniter and burning compositions for pyrotechnics.

Grignard-reactions: reagent is used for the introduction of the ethyl group; metalation of CH-acidic compounds.

Grignard-reactions: reagent for the introduction of the ethyl group.

Grignard-reactions: reagent for the introduction of the ethyl group. As base for deprotonation reactions.

Acidimetric titration of the hydrolized product for the determination of assay as total base. Detailed description available on request.

Cesium carbonate is a versatile base in organic synthesis.

Cesium carbonate is a versatile base in organic synthesis.